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How Windmills Pump Water

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The Story of Miller’s Windmill Service

The basic mechanics of traditional windmills are simple and efficient. So much so, that despite many minor improvements over the years, the core of this ingenious design has remained largely unchanged since Thomas O. Perry, founder of Aermotor, conducted over 5,000 experiments to find the optimal combination of blades, angles and gearing nearly 150 years ago.


Here’s how it works:

Capturing the Wind The windmill's blades, also called sails, are pushed by the wind in one direction due to the angle of the blades, causing the rotor to turn.

Converting Motion Long arms connect the rotating wheel assembly to a central hub. The hub turns a geared mechanism that pushes and pulls a rod in an up and down movement.

Driving the Pump Rod This up-and-down motion powers a pump rod (sucker rod) that moves inside a well pipe.

Pumping Water At the pipe's end, a cylinder with a sealed plunger pushes water upward with each stroke. During the upstroke, water is pulled into the cylinder. On the downstroke, a check valve prevents water from flowing back down, forcing it up the pipe during the next upstroke.

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